| DOSE AND TIME DEPENDENT COPPER TOXICITY TO CARP EMBRYOS |
| JEZIERSKA, B., Kondera, E. and Ługowska, K. Department of Animal Physiology, University of Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland. jezbar@ap.siedlce.pl. |
| The embryos of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were exposed from fertilization, for 2 h, 24 h or about 80 h (until hatching) to 0.03, 0.05, 0.1 or 0.2 mg Cu /l. The development of each embryo was individually observed. Development rate was measured, and body malformations of the embryos and newly hatched larvae were registered using camera and computer image analysis system, and evaluated in the photographs. Mortality in 24 hours from fertilization, hatching success (as percentage of hatched larvae), and hatch quality (as percentage of deformed larvae) were also evaluated. Body malformations were classified according to the catalog developed for common carp (Jezierska et al. 2000). They included: spinal curvatures, yolk sac and skull malformations, heart edema, and body shortening. Feeding activity of the normally developed larvae exposed during embryonic period to various copper concentrations was evaluated using test of capture of Artemia sp. nauplii. The obtained results allowed to determine the minimum copper concentrations affecting various developmental parameters, in the minimum time of exposure. In exposure over entire embryonic development period, 0.03 mg/l Cu is the minimum concentration that causes an increase in percentage of deformed embryos and larvae. The minimum concentration significantly reducing egg swelling and embryo survival in 24 hours post fertilization, and hatching success was 0.1 mg Cu/l in 2 h exposure. The minimum concentration significantly reducing development rate was 0.2 mg/l Cu used in first 24 hours post fertilization. The same concentration in 24 h exposure, and even more in exposure over entire embryonic development adversely affected feeding activity of the larvae.
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